Higher Education Organizational Theory and Leadership :: Public Administration

Advanced education Organizational Theory and Leadership The accompanying preparation paper has been set up to help you in setting up your discourse to the nearby office of trade. The theme you have been approached to talk on is delineating the distinctions in driving an organization of advanced education rather than maintaining a revenue driven business. The preparation features key focuses from three oft-referenced insightful articles on the subject of advanced education hierarchical hypothesis and administration. These focuses clarify advanced education structures and the contrasts between advanced education association and administration and what your crowd may be acclimated with. I have included references for your guide. Presentation. Advanced education and personal business share much for all intents and purpose. They use assets to create an item for a characterized customer base. They are driven by people with vision, enthusiasm, and administration for their associations. At their heart are devoted individuals that make up the association. Be that as it may, there are likewise numerous distinctions, particularly in making these associations function admirably. The Complex Structure of Higher Education. The college is a mind boggling association. Baldridge, Curtis, Ecker and Riley (1982) found that schools and colleges have attributes that recognize them from private endeavors just as other government associations. They depict the advanced education condition as one where assets permit people inside the association space to develop in various ways without the tight limitations seen in different kinds of situations. They proceed to portray the job of the president and other college pioneers as impetuses or facilitators instead of the â€Å"my way or the highway† attitude of some private CEOs. Baldridge et al. portray this condition as â€Å"organized anarchy† where this help job, additionally depicted as collegial dynamic, prompts a domain where choices â€Å"happen† as opposed to are â€Å"made.† Politically, this condition will in general be for the most part idle with liquid, divided support. The president expe ct the job as â€Å"first among equals†, a middle person between power coalitions nearby. This is altogether different in everything except a couple of private organizations. Approximately Coupled Systems. Weick (1976) takes a fundamentally the same as perspective on this hierarchical hypothesis yet from a marginally alternate point of view. He composes of the advanced education foundation as a â€Å"loosely coupled system†, a framework that varies extraordinarily from the association arrangement of a private endeavor. The essential hypothesis is that, not normal for the battle ready perfect of the â€Å"tight ship† that numerous private associations have received, approximately coupled frameworks have â€Å"softer† linkages between every unit of the association.

Discussion Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conversation Topic - Essay Example Another deception is rushed speculation. It alludes to when an end is reached with inadequate data and what follows is a prompt speculation (Davis, 2007). An individual may visit a café once and neglect to like food that is being served. That doesn't really mean the eatery is second rate. Its misstep is that it prompts generalizing. One takes a model and continues utilizing it to draw some example of bothersome outcomes that may follow (Davis, 2007). A model is the point at which one contends that a specific Television station ought not boycott some program. In the event that they boycott one program, they should boycott all the others. Its misstep is that a few roots for equivalent treatment of all components whether ideal or lousy. Media is perhaps the greatest stage that typically use deception in their daily practice. Two of the most ordinarily abused paradox incorporates the intrigue to pity and ubiquity. Advance to notoriety follows that an end ought to be acknowledged in light of the fact that most of individuals think it is valid (Davis, 2007). Advance to feel sorry for requires an end to be acknowledged on account of the circumstance of the individual creation the end (Davis, 2007). It is impossible for somebody who has considered rationale to be tricked by these sorts of false notions. The individuals introducing these contentions expect that watchers karma satisfactory, coherent aptitudes, to see through their deception. This is a horribly hazardous supposition since it can without much of a stretch reverse discharge on

Griffin essays

Griffin articles Griffins venture is that she cautiously builds and portrays history, especially World War II, through the lives of a few unique individuals. She doesn't simply express the history, she ties every one of her points and shows how they legitimately affected the other by the moves somebody would make. For instance, when Himmler sends each one of those individuals to the concentration camps, Helene was legitimately influenced by this and Griffin they felt free to show how in view of Himmlers activities, Helene had her own tale about a similar clash yet in a very surprising perspective. Griffin strikes these angles in her article. What is generally convincing about the exposition, be that as it may, is the manner in which Griffin fused individual, family, and world history into a chilling story of account and life account, while never losing the verifiable proof the story gave. Many accept that history is what is perused in course readings, or what is seen on the news. On the off chance th at Susan Griffin were posed that inquiry, she would presumably contend that history is considerably more than that. It is about the brains and spirits of the individuals who experienced the recorded occasion, not just what occurred. In her article, Griffin fuses accounts of individuals from entirely unexpected foundations, and childhoods, including herself, all to depict their record of one timespan. Every individual history is some way or another associated with the following people, and every story contributes similarly to the bigger perspective on history. Griffin inputs three sorts of narratives in her content; individual, family and world history. In her own history, she portrays her life, and her youth, which interweaves with her family ancestry. Be that as it may, she not just discussions about her accounts, she discusses the narratives of different characters in the exposition to bring over the bigger world history. One of the techniquess that Griffin uses to enable the crow d to comprehend her ideas, is clarifying two other story lines whil... <!

Reflection on Principles in Nursing

Reflection on Principles in Nursing This article will talk about and consider two standards of nursing rehearse and relate these to rehearse understanding. The standards of nursing practice mention to us what all individuals can anticipate from nursing practice, regardless of whether they are associates, patients, or the families or carers of patients. Nursing is given by nursing staff, including ward chiefs (in medical clinics) or colleagues (in the network), expert attendants, network medical attendants, wellbeing guests, human services partners or understudy medical caretakers. To lay it out plainly, the Principles of Nursing Practice depict what everybody can anticipate from nursing. Because of numerous money related difficulties confronting the UK which is putting all human services and social consideration areas under extraordinary monetary tension which in a roundabout way is prompting staff deficiency and medical attendants are working energetically constrained to convey the best consideration for patients. It is in this way a need for all nursing staff to be bolstered at every possible opportunity. The Principles of Nursing Practice permit that reason to be accomplished and clarify precisely what quality nursing care resembles and give a structure to supporting the assessment of care through the advancement of helpful measures. There are 8 standards marked A to H. This exposition will concentrate on Principle D which is the place Nurses and nursing staff give and advance consideration that puts individuals at the middle, includes patients, administration clients, their families and their carers in choices and causes them settle on educated decisions about their treatment and care and Principle E is the place medical caretakers and staff are at the core of the correspondence procedure: they survey ,record and report to treatment and care, handle data delicately and privately, manage protests adequately, and are faithful in revealing the things they are concerned about(RCN ,2010). Assent was acquired from administration clients and classification kept up with respect to patients name and trust subtleties according to NMC, 2008 Rule D will currently be talked about. The Nature of medicinal services arrangement is to such an extent that choices made and the treatment and care gave, or retained may change the length and nature of lives of the people who experience it (Brooker and Waugh, 2007). RCN (2010) meaning of individual focused methodology: Comprehend the individual, their points and desires throughout everyday life Build up an edge of reference to comprehend their unique circumstance (family, network, social and social measurements in their perspectives, qualities and convictions) Comprehend their ideas of wellbeing and issues My arrangement at the network clinic was working in association in a community route with patients, medicinal services experts, families and other multidisciplinary colleagues in the conveyance of an individual focused consideration. Goodman and Clemow (2008) characterized interprofessional filling in as that of experts teaming up to cooperate all the more successfully to improve the nature of patient consideration. The first system for Person focused Nursing created by McCormack and McCance (2010) included 4 builds: Requirements: which center around the characteristic of medical attendant and incorporate being proficient, capable and focused on the activity Care condition: which centers around the setting in which cares is conveyed and incorporate authoritative frameworks that are strong and successful staff connections Individual focused procedure: which centers around conveyance of care through a scope of exercises and incorporate sharing choice and giving physical needs? Results: The focal segments of the structure are the consequences of viable individual focused nursing and it incorporates fulfillment with care, association with care, sentiment of prosperity and making a remedial situation. At my position I was by and by engaged with a patient who had leg ulcer. This patient couldn't move up consequently bed bound. I was engaged with her own consideration, serving, and performing aseptic injury dressing. At where the normal release date was expected, it was then important to hold a family meeting with the patient, her girl and her accomplice who has a learning handicap just as with the multidisciplinary group (MDT) individuals engaged with her consideration. The MDT individuals were social administrations, word related specialist, physiotherapist and I as the understudy nurture with my coach. The substance of the gathering was to decide the release area for the patient. The social administrations completed MCA on the patient’s accomplice who had a learning inability to check in the event that he could adapt to the obligation of supporting his accomplice after release. The partner’s capacity to deal with accounts was additionally evaluated. The physiotherap ist evaluated the capacity of the patient to weight tolerate and what sort of hardware could be utilized for various exchanges a home. The word related advisor had just surveyed the property of the patient and felt it should be acclimated to suit the requirements of her present fixed status. Be that as it may, setting up with important hardware would take some time and patient would should be in a brief settlement till the house is settled. Tolerant was additionally given the decision of moving to a nursing home where she could have a superior personal satisfaction as far as care yet paient won't and demanded setting off to her own home despite the fact that she had been instructed with respect to the impediments of care that would be gotten as she needed to oversee without anyone else most occasions and accomplice isn't permitted to complete any manual lifting. My coach and I‘s job at the gathering was to give a diagram of the individual consideration prerequisites and other passionate, clinical and physiological necessities. All through the dispensing the patient was associated with the choice procedure to guarantee that every one of her needs were met and custom fitted to her particular prerequisites. She was happy with an official conclusion and was at last released and glad to return to her recently custom-made home with her accomplice. It is accepted that numerous attendants experience ‘person focused moments’ that is, specific occasions by and by when everything appeared to meet up and the result felt fulfilling and fulfilling. We as a whole have recollections of those minutes and stories to recount their criticalness to us as medical attendants be it a huge occasion with a patient, a statement of thanks from a relative that caused the everydayness of training to appear to be all beneficial. Such individual focused minutes may have trigged the question,’ why can’t it resemble this all the time’? While recognizing that we don't work in a condition of perfect world and that ordinary practice is testing, frequently unpleasant, now and again tumultuous and to a great extent unpredictable.it is critical to consider how these individual focused minutes can be changed into ‘person focused societies of training where fulfillment, contribution and sentiment of prosperity are regular spot. To do this requires a guarantee to the on-going advancement of training, the consideration regarding thorough procedure, the persistent assessment of individual focused viability and the festival of achievements (McCormack and McCance ,2010) Rule E will presently be talked about. This is the fifth guideline of nursing practice and it relies on subjects of correspondence, the security of patients, classification, grievances the executives and faithful revealing of concerns. Correspondence is a piece of exercises that people take part in and it is perceived by everybody except just hardly any individuals can characterize it agreeably (Fiske 2011:1)Human correspondence is characterized as the way toward building up significance through cooperations that are symbolic(Adler and Rodman,2009) Communication accentuates on the procedure by which data is traded between two individuals or more(Bach Grant, 2011)The significant focus on a nursing staff or any human services expert is to guarantee that patients are occupied with compelling correspondence (DOH, 2010) Any social insurance professional working in any medicinal services setting must have the option to use various kinds of relational abilities in an assortment of connectio ns. Considering the socially assorted populace that we need to manage as human services experts it is basic for correspondence to be viable and proper to the requirements of the administrations clients (Koutoukidis, Stainton and Hughso, 2013) Diverse correspondence represents a ton of issue in the medicinal services setting and language boundary is a significant issue. I had a moment at my position where a Chinese woman had issue conveying her needs to us and we needed to get her significant other in to decipher and he himself was not unreasonably familiar but rather we needed to utilize socially proper strategies to acquire and give data to convey individual focused consideration to the patient. Only as of late at arrangement a gathering of nursing staff were selected from Spain to come and work in the UK and prepared by my emergency clinic, language hindrance was such a major issue as they couldn't without much of a stretch communicate and this represented an issue when they were attempting to speak with patients too. Luckily, we were understanding as were the patients. The national perspective for correspondence makes it compulsory that correspondence needs be examined and suitable strategies are utilized to assist pat ients with communicating adequately. Staffs are likewise expected to discuss viably with each other to ensure there is coherence of human services for everybody (DOH, 2010a) The conventional part of correspondence includes the documentation, sharing of data during handover, overseeing protests and detailing of episodes and concerns. These are the central purpose of Principle E and this becomes significant when anything turns out badly The National Patient Safety Agency (2007) brought worries about medical attendants up as far as hazy documentation and absence of trust in their detailing. I have seen occasions at position where liquid and food diagrams are not refreshed and makes it hard to survey the real wellbeing status of the patient. T

Critique and Response Essay Samples - How to Use This Form of Writing to Make an Effective Essay

Critique and Response Essay Samples - How to Use This Form of Writing to Make an Effective EssayBefore you get too far into essay writing, you will want to use a critique and reader response essay samples. The way these work is very simple. They make it so that the critiques are written at different points throughout the writing process. If you want to be successful with your essay, then you should follow a similar format.After the critique, the response comes in an email or voice mail. This is what lets you know if the feedback is positive or negative. In addition, some companies will allow you to read some of the critiques before you even receive them. These will be sent by surprise and you can't really argue with them on the issues since they did not know you would need them.Once you have them, you can start the entire process over again. You will have at least a few things that you can use in your essays. Your essay will be full of much needed information and ideas that may not h ave been there before. That is when your writing skills come in and this is when you will be really rewarded.Reviewing the critique and response essay samples will help you know how much to use what and when. For example, one thing you will want to do is include a quote in your essay that the reviewer quoted from. Make sure you use the correct quote and don't just take a quote from one of the critiques and pretend that it is your own. If you do this, it will make it appear that you don't know what you are doing when in fact, you do.Another thing you will want to do is use a line from the critique to end the email or voicemail. The reviewer used the quote to let you know that they feel strongly about your idea or topic. Try to incorporate some of the points that they made in your essay so that you can avoid offending them. This will help you make sure that you use the best version of the information that you provide.You should also make a point of including any ideas that the reviewe r brought up that you felt were worth sharing. For example, they mentioned that your story was cliche or overused, but they still enjoyed it. This gives you an idea of how they enjoyed the essay. As long as you use only the material that they think is good, you should be fine.Remember, you will not be able to include all of the ideas that the reading critique gave you. It is up to you how much you use. However, you should take some of the ideas that were talked about and incorporate them into your story. You will not want to limit yourself to just one idea or phrase.You will be able to take some of the things the reading critique said and incorporate them into your essay. They can make it interesting and really make it a better essay. You will be more knowledgeable and your writing skills will improve.

Overview And Analysis Of Ahc Limited Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Financing Proposed : The purpose of this written lending submission is to explore the possibility of lending $5 million to AHC Limited Purpose : Funding in the construction of new office buildings in the area of Northern New South Wales Section 2.0: Overview of Business Subsection 2.1: Business Description and History AHC Limited (AHC) is a property development company based in Queensland. The companys business operations include incorporating contract residential and commercial building, property development for long-term asset portfolio creation and subdivision of land for residential and industrial development. AHC was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange on 24th of March 1988. The business operation is split in two divisions: commercial and housing divisions. Both businesses were operational in the geographic area between Hervey Bay, Queensland to Ballina in Northern New South Wales. Within the commercial segment, the offerings of the companys consist of Worongary Town Center and Saltwater Estate. In addition, a medical center was completed with doctor, dentist and physiotherapy open at the end of the fiscal year June 30, 2007. Besides that, AHC commercial division specializes in the construction of service stations, shopping centers, factories, show rooms as well as low-rise office bu ildings. On the other hand, within the housing segment of AHC, AHC Homes have been engaged in the development of new homes for Queensland and Northern NSW families. AHC Homes have earned enviable reputation for stylish design and value for money and have been known as one of the innovators in the quality new home market. AHC display homes are located at Sea Breeze Estate, Pottsville and Regatta Waters Oxenford and Halpine Lake Mango Hill. Subsection 2.2: Current Borrowings The company currently holds bank overdraft amounting to $25,748. This overdraft is secured by a floating charge over the Company assets. Besides that, the bank bills are secured by first mortgages over certain freehold land, buildings and work in progress. National Australia Bank has a registered fixed and floating charge over the assets of the Company including: Registered mortgage over property situate 7 South Quay Drive, Biggera Waters Qld 4216 Registered Mortgage Debenture over the whole of AHC Ltd assets including goodwill and uncalled capital and called but unpaid capital together with relative insurance policy assigned to the National Australia Bank Limited Registered Mortgage over property situate Worongary Village Shopping Centre 1 Mudgeeraba Road Worongary Qld more particularly described in Certificate of Title Reference 50310789. Registered Mortgage over property situate Caltex Service Station 2 Helensvale Drive Helensvale more particularly described in Certi ficate of Title Reference 50366042. Registered mortgage over property situate 9 South Quay Drive, Biggera Waters Qld 4216 Registered mortgage over property situate Cnr Ramsay Woolgar Roads, Gympie, Qld. The bank bills amounting to $18,432,718 are rolled over monthly and a variable rate of interest is payable on roll over. Specific to the development of the companys non-current asset Worongary Village Shopping Centre, The bill arrangement was originally established in 2003. As such, these bills are classified as non-current debt even though the company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after reporting date. The amount of Current Secured Loan totaling $4,278,352 with Suncorp Metway Ltd is secured by a registered mortgage over property situated at Lots 400, 502 2 on SP 213534 Siganto Drive, Helensvale. It is noted that the company also has a bank guarantee facility in place with National Australia Bank amounting to $250,00 0. Section 3.0: Industry Analysis Property Industry Outlook: AHC Limited is categorized as part of the property development industry with the company operations divided into 2 divisions: Housing property and commercial property. With the recent global economy downturn due to the US sub prime mortgage crisis, Australia was the only G20 member that did not fall into a recession in 2009 (Westpac 2010). However, the effects of the downturn negatively affected the property market. According to Westpacs outlook on the property market for the next three years, as the price increased in the residential sector in the beginning of 2009 and there are signs that commercial property have begun to recover, the outlook for the next three years would be continued growth (Westpac 2010). The challenge remains however for the property market to grow in a period when the stimulus package is removed (Westpac 2010). Subsection 3.1: Residential Property According to Westpacs outlook, expectations for 2010 are for demand to remain healthy in the residential property market as job growth surges over the next few years in respond to the recovery of the economy (Westpac 2010). Interest rates are also expected to increase to ensure the property market will not be overheated. Even though the stimulus is being removed through the forecast period of 2010-2012, the recovery of the economy should stimulate demand in the property market as price stabilizes in 2010 due to expected rise in interest rates (Westpac 2010). These indications of probable signs of growth will bring positive impact on AHC Limited Housing Divisions financial position as there will be more opportunities in the future. This might assist to improve AHC Limiteds cash flow to service and repay the $5 million loan proposed. Subsection 3.2: Office Property As supply remained low and demands are expected to improve, the office market is near its peak in most markets over Australia, this is especially true in New South Wales (Westpac 2010). It is also stated in Westpacs outlook that while most markets have peaked, recovery of rents or values is not anticipated until later in the year of 2011 (Westpac 2010). As the proposal of lending $5 million to construct new office buildings in a fast growing area of Northern New South Wales is currently being considered, the future outlook looks well for AHC Limited. As supply of office buildings is currently low where market has peaked, it would be a good opportunity for AHC Limited to use the funds to construct these office buildings to take advantage of the expected outlook. As such, it would be reasonable to say that the funds lent to AHC Limited suits the purpose of the loan, as supply remains low and economy rising, the New South Wales market is expected to improve in future. The commercia l property markets are also said to be entering the recovery phase of the investment cycle (Property Council 2010). As total returns recorded for Australias commercial property market has improved at the end of December 2009, the results indicates improvement for the markets and signifies the commercial property market recovering from a trough in the property investment cycle in mid 2009 (Property Council 2010). As such, it is safe to say that AHC Limiteds decision to use the funds to invest in office buildings has a positive outlook and it is unlikely that the company would default on the loan. Another similar article by Lynne Blundell (2010) stated that Australias office market has retained their shine in comparison to other countries around the globe after the global financial crisis. Even though Australia withstood the global economic downturn better than most countries, the country still experienced a decline in office demands and rising vacancies in 2009 (Lynne Blundell 201 0). However, recent fall in national unemployment and rising rental incentives offered by landlords would indicate an intense competition for office blocks in 2010 (Lynne Blundell 2010). Subsection 3.3: Risk factors in Property Development Industry Part 3.3.1: Pre-construction Risk A study conducted by Newell and Steglick (2006) shows that overall respondents in the study think that this phase of property development has the highest overall risk due to uncertainty in pre-construction phase and other factors being out of developers control. The study also shows that Environmental risk which scored the highest among the risk ratings is seen as the highest risk factor in this phase of property development (Newell and Steglick 2006). There are other risk factors which include risk in terms of approval, title, political, feasibility and infrastructure in the pre-construction phase (Newell and Steglick 2006). In mitigating such risks, various strategies can be employed by AHC Limited such as analyzing cost impacts before committing to address environmental risk; purchase conditional on rezoning, confirm pre-DA if extra approvals are needed to address approval risk; evaluate land deficiency into land price to address market risk; and dealing only with experienced bu ilders and developers to avoid experience risk (Newell and Steglick 2006). Such strategies would assist in reducing the risk involved when making decisions in the pre-construction phase. Part 3.3.2: Contract Negotiation Risk The contract negotiation phase of property development is seen as the second highest overall risk in the study conducted by Newell and Steglick (2006). In this phase, it is found that land cost and acquisition terms are significant risk factors to manage in the contract negotiation phase (Newell and Steglick 2006). To address the land cost risk involved, proper price negotiation is done to provide adequate contingencies. AHC Limited can also negotiate adjustment mechanisms for price and conditions to minimize acquisition term risks (Newell and Steglick 2006). By carefully mitigating those risks, property developers will gain a fair and flexible contract terms as well as allowing for reasonable profit margin. Part 3.3.3: Construction Risk In this phase of property development, there are three specific risk factors seen to be important in the overall development process: time delay risk, cost increase risk and engineering risk (Newell and Steglick 2006). In order to overcome time delay risk, property developers usually take steps in ensuring there is adequate insurance cover (Newell and Steglick 2006). Besides that, developers also usually penalize builders for any delay in the construction to avoid any time delay costs as delay of construction would lead to a breach of terms of construction contract and would cost the company (Newell and Steglick 2006). Cost increase risk on the other hand is usually overcome by negotiating fixed price building contract in order to avoid any sudden cost increase (Newell and Steglick 2006). Section 4: Financial Analysis Sub-Section 4.1: Ratios Analysis Part 4.1.1: Ratios Analysis Table 4.1: Current Ratio Calculation 2007 2008 2009 Current Ratio = 2.27:1 = 1.97:1 = 2.39:1 The current ratio is categorised under liquidity ratio. Liquidity ratio is compute to determine whether the business has the ability to meet its short-term financial obligations (Sathye et al. 2003). The ideal ratio for the current ratio is 2 but there a fluctuation between 1.5 and 2 is still acceptable (Clemens Dyer 1986 cited in Sathye et al. 2003). From the table above, we can see that the current ratio for AHC Limited have an almost ideal ratio according to the benchmark. These ratios mean that AHC Limited has been utilising their current assets for profitable use. These ratios also show that AHC Limited do not have a high amount of debtors. Part 4.1.2: Debt-to-Equity Ratio Table 4.2: Debt-to-Equity Ratio Calculation 2007 2008 2009 Debt-Equity Ratio = 1.06:1 = 1.23:1 = 1.13:1 The debt-to-equity ratio is categorised under the leverage ratios. Leverage ratios are used to judge the proportions and manageability of debt carried by a firm (Sathye et al. 2003). The debt-to-equity ratio specifically shows the proportion of amount borrowed by a firm compared with the proprietors investment in the firm (Sathye et al. 2003). The generally accepted benchmark for this ratio is that it should not exceed 2. Based on the debt-to-equity ratio for the 3 years, the proprietors stake in AHC Limited has not fluctuated much. The proprietors stake in AHC Limited has remained an average of 47%. Thus, creditors enjoy a higher level of protection due to the fact that the proprietors stake in AHC Limited is large. Part 4.1.3: Inventory Turnover Ratio Table 4.3: Inventory Turnover Ratio Calculation 2007 2008 2009 Inventory Turnover Ratio = 0.68:1 = 1.14:1 = 1.05:1 The inventory turnover ratio is categorised under the efficiency ratios. Efficiency ratios are used to measure how efficiently the firm utilise its assets (Sathye et al. 2003). The inventory turnover ratio reflects the efficiency of the firm in management of inventory (Sathye et al. 2003). The inventory turnover ratio for AHC Limited is relatively low. Although a high inventory turnover ratio indicates a fast moving inventory. However, this does not necessarily apply in this case. AHC Limited operates its business in the real estate industry. Their inventory consists of residential, commercial and industrial buildings developments (AHC 2010). Part 4.1.4: Net Profit-Sales Ratio Table 4.4: Net Profit-Sales Ratio Calculation 2007 2008 2009 Net Profit-Sales Ratio = 84.04% = 11.44% = 7.25% The net profit-sales ratio is categorised under the profitability ratios. The profitability ratios are used to measures the profitability of sales generated through operations (Sathye et al. 2003). Net profit-sales ratio specifically measures the profitability of the firm when all the costs, including administrative costs are taken into account (Sathye et al. 2003). There is no specific benchmark for this net profit-sales ratio. However, the higher the ratio, the better it is. We can see from the table above that the net profit-sales ratio has been decreasing in the last 3 years. This indicates that the profit for AHC Limited has been decreasing even though sales have been increasing at the same time. Sub-Section 4.2: Financial Position and Performance Analysis Table 4.5: Summary of Key Balance Sheet Figures 2007 $ 2008 $ 2009 $ Cash and cash equivalents 1,756,335 1,337,936 1,571,454 Trade Other Receivables 58,050 712,682 122,925 Inventories 12,680,859 14,863,448 13,124,996 Current Tax Asset 14,334 Other current assets 122,662 114,250 64,936 Total Current Assets 14,632,240 17,028,315 14,884,311 Trade Other Payables 2,481,750 3,421,965 1,837,038 Financial liabilities 3,766,343 4,939,466 4,392,082 Provisions 197,828 281,951 Total Current Liabilities 6,445,921 8,643,383 6,229,120 (Source: AHC Limited Annual Report 2009 2008) Part 4.2.1: Short-Term Liquidity AHC Limited has a fair amount of cash and this amount of cash at hand had been more or less been maintained over the 3 years period. This would mean that the firm will have available funds to fulfil its obligations to creditors. However, we can see that the amount collected from debtors has dwindled over the years. This will inadvertently tied up possible cash for investment or working capital purposes. Nonetheless, short-term liquidity does not pose as an important factor in this analysis as the funding proposed is in longer term. Part 4.2.2: Long-Term Solvency Long-term solvency level of a firm determines the firms ability to meet its interest cost and payment schedules of long-term obligations. This can be observed from the debt-to-equity ratio. It is shown that AHC Limited has sufficient capital and this will poses a lesser risk to the lender. This is due to the fact that there is capital to provide a permanent and unrestricted commitment of funds and to absorb arising losses. Part 4.2.3: Business Performance AHC Limited has seen a drop in their net profit especially in year 2008 where profits has decreased dramatically from $7.2 million in year 2007 to $1.9 million. The profit has further decreased in year 2009 to $1 million. This continuous decrease in net profit is a result from the global economic downturn which is a factor to the lower than expected sales from the firms contract housing division (Business Spectator 2009). Although AHC Limited has raked in profits for the last 3 years, the net profit however has become lesser. A worrying factor would be that the firm could possibly be making losses in the future. Section 5: Security Acquiring security over the borrowers assets can be seen as taking insurance on the lending which will protect the lender in unforeseen circumstances (Sathye et al. 2003). The security can be viewed as the second way out for repayment and usually come in the form of land, guarantees and other kinds of asset (Sathye et al. 2003). We can see from the AHC Annual Report that AHC possessed some property, plant and equipment. However, further details are needed to determine on the feasibility of taking those property, plant or equipment as security. Further details are also needed to measures the strength of those assets as the second way out. Nevertheless, for the purpose of this current analysis, we are assuming there is no available security for the taking at the moment. Section 6: Key strengths and weaknesses relating to the proposal Key Strengths: The current outlook for the property industry is positive for the next few years which would support AHC Limiteds loan purpose in constructing new office buildings The company has been operating for over 20 years in the property industry. Thus, time has allowed the management to develop significant management and employee expertise. There is a growing demand for office buildings and current supply of office buildings in the market is low as well. It is most probable that AHC Limited will be able to rent out or sell the building blocks as soon as construction is done. With the continued job growth in Australia, there would be expected growing demand for office buildings. A relatively low debt to equity ratio indicates the company is not relying on leverage and the equity to sustain the company is sufficient. Key Weaknesses: Interest rate risk. AHC Limiteds construction cost might increase due to increase in interest rates. Mitigant : Interest c ost can be more predictable if interest rate derivatives are used. AHC Limited recorded high level of losses for the last 3 years as a result of the global economic downturn. This may mean that equity available to sustain these losses is decreasing. Mitigant : AHC Limited can raise more capital by issuing shares or bonds in order to compensate for the losses. In the property industry, there are many strong competitors like Land Lease ($3,304 million) and Australand ($806 million) which possessed much higher market capitalisation than AHC ($11 million). Mitigant: AHC Limited should expand the companys operation into other states of Australia to remain competitive in the industry Section 7: Recommendation Sub-section 7. 1: Proposed Loan Pricing The following pricing of loan calculation take into account the credit and non-credit 1risks. It has also considered the risk to weighted asset and capital adequacy level. Balance Sheet Asset Liabilities Loan $5,000,000.00 Deposits $4,957,639.18 Liquid Asset $154,639.18 Equity Capital $200,000 $5,154,639.18 $5,154,639.18 Profit and Loss Statement Financial Performance Yield Balance Loan $349,459.67 6.99% $5,000,000 Liquid Asset $5,412.37 3.5%1 $154,639.18 Prepayment Charge $10,000 0.2%1 $5,000,000 Less : Cost of Deposits $148,729.18 3%2 $4,957,639.18 Operating Cost $150,000 Expected Loss $9,000 0.18%3 $5,000,000 Profit before Tax $57,142,86 Tax $17,142.86 30%4 Net Profit after Tax $40,000 20%1 $200,000 1. Assume prepayment risk of 20 basis points, liquidity rate at 3% against lending assets, which currently earn 3.5% and ROE rate at 20% 2. According to Australia Banks, the current deposit rate is 3%. 3. Assume the probably of default is 3.0% while its recovery rate is 94%. 4. The standard company income tax is 30%. 5. Assume the cost of marketing and monitoring the loan is $150,000. 6. Assume the Risk to Weighted Asset is 50% and capital adequacy is 8% Capital Allowance = Loan Amount x Risk to Weighted Asset x Capital Adequacy Rate ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ = $5,000,000 x 50% x 8% ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ = $200,000 ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ After tax return on equity = Capital Allowance x Required Return ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ = $200,000 x 20% ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ = $40,000 ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Liquid Asset = (Loans + Liquid Asset) x Liquidity rate ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ = ($5,000,000 + Liquid Asset) x 3% ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ = $154,639.18 ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Expected Losses = Default probability x (1- recovery rate) ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ = 3.0 % x (1- 94%) ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ = 0.18% ÃÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ The proposed interest rate based on the loan pricing calculation is 6.99%. Assumptions were made on the necessary information needed to complete the calculation. Sub-section7.2: Conclusion AHC Limited is a company that suffered high losses at the year ended 2008 due to the global financial crisis which heavily affected Australias property market as a result of job losses and fall in demand for housing and commercial properties. Therefore, currently the company is not in its past health and financial position as it was before. This is due to the financial crisis which caused the statement of financial position of the company to shrink greatly as it absorbed heavy losses. The financial health position of the company appears to be relatively good compared with industry benchmark in terms of current ratio and debt to equity ratio. However, it is noted that the company is not doing well in terms of profitability ratio as the Net profits to sales ratio fell from 84% to 7.25% at the year ended 2009 from 2007. This might indicate AHC poor ability to generate profit as their total profit plunged from $7 million to $1.9 million. This will affect AHCs capacity to service and repay the $5 million credit facility. At the moment, it can be concluded that AHC Limited would not be suitable as a lending proposition. Even though the outlooks on the property seems to be positive and there will be growth in the industry in near future, it is not evident that AHC Limited would be able to generate necessary cash flows to service and repay the $5 million credit facility. It is also probable that other strong competitors within the industry would cause setbacks for AHC Limited within the loan period, which would lead to risks that AHC defaulting on the loan. As such, it is recommended that we do not consider the possibility of lending to AHC $5 million for working capital.

Horrific Events Of Witch Trails - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1415 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? The town of Salem Massachusetts, was founded in 1626 by Roger and a group of migrants. The settlements first name was Naumkeag, but they name was too hard so they called it Salem. The word Salem comes from the hebrew word for peace. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Horrific Events Of Witch Trails" essay for you Create order Salem a small and peace full town right on the great Atlantic Sea. Little do people know but this small town has a very, very dark history, which will be a permanent stain in Americas history. The name that would go down in many of our history books would be the name Salem Witch Trial, these horrific events happened from February of 1692 to May of 1693. Over this course of time more 200 people would be accused of being witches. The first witch accusation was in 1692 when a doctor diagnosed 7 teenage girls as being bewitched. More than 200 people will be accused and 19 people will be executed from those accusations. This was not one of the first time there have been witch trials in massachusetts, there was a previous 12 others were executed in the early 17 century. But Salem was by far the worst and most famous. Despite being known as the Salem Witch Trials the preliminary hearings in 1692 were conducted in several towns some were in Salem Village, Salem Town, Ipswich and Andover. The most famous trials were conducted in the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 in Salem Town. Some people believe that there was so much hysteria because of their religious beliefs the town of Salem was a Puritan town they had very strong religious beliefs. A famous trial, and one of the first was the Sarah good trial. Sarah good was born in 1653 and was a daughter of a well off innkeeper. When her father died 1672 he left the family in debut. Her mother quickly married to a new husband, and paid off the debut, but as a result most of the family which were 2 sons and 7 daughter most of which never saw and of their late fathers estate. Sarah good married a former endenchered servant Daniel Poole. Poole died in in 1682 and left Sarah in more debut. Sarah then married her second husband William Good and he was held responsible for paying off her debuts his land was taken and Sarah and William became homeless. Sarah was one of the first 3 woman to be accused of witchcraft in Salem. She was charged with witchcraft after being identified as a witch by Tituba. She Fit the prevailing stereotype of of the malefic witch. Sarah Good would curse out towns people who would not give to her when she would beg on the streets. This brought in a lot of t estaments against her during her trial. The worst part of this trial was when Sarahrs child Dorcas Good, she was arrested and gave a confession which implicated Sarah as a witch. During the trail Sarah was described as forlorn and friendless and a broken down creature. Sarah was presumed guilty from the beginning of the trial and the courts mind was made up even before the trail started. Sarah Good was executed in July 19. In the Sarah good trial it there was no real evidence against her beside fingers being pointed at her. In my opinion they just accused her as a witch because they just wanted to get rid of her, the towns people didnt like and she was homeless and a bum. They just used the opportunity to get rid of her. Plus since the town of Salem were heavy believer in the puritan religion that it was easy to convince the town she was a sinner for being a witch. Another famous trail was the trail of Rebback nurse, this trail was one of the Salem Witch trials most famous and well known events. Rebback was a 71 year old grandmother, wife and local artisan. Rebback was arrested on March 24, 1692 after she was accused of being a witch. At the age of 71 she was accused of being a witch. Rebback was also sisters with a accused witch whose name was Mary Easty. Unlike Sarah Good Rebback was considered an upstanding citizen in Salem. She was accused of witchcraft by a woman whose name was Ann Putnam Jr and Abigail William and several others in Salem Village, Including the towns Reverend Deodat Lawson, who sai d Nursers spirit had been tormenting Ann Putnamrs home. During the trail which happened in June of 1692 Rebback nurse was found not guilty. This verdict was found not surprising to many because she was well liked and was upstanding. Also 39 people signed a petition to support her during her trial. But after the judge read the not guilty verdict the accusers of Rebback Nurse started to have fits and started to cry out her name. Then when Goody Hobbs was on trail he said Rebback nurse was one of them witch to the court meant she was a witch. Rebback Nurse wrote a statement saying she was one of them being a prisoner not a one of them being a witch. Then on July 3 1692 Rebback Nurse was arrested again after she was just freed and was convicted of being a witch. She was taken to the front of the local church for a public excommunicated. Which is essentially a public exacation. Later that night her son rowed out into the bay to claim his mothers body so she could have a proper christian burial. Like many witches there was no real actual eviden ce against her besides a group of people just accusing her of being a witch. Manu believe that Rebback Nurse and the Putnam family had a family feud and that they falsely accused her in the beginning. They just wanted to win there silly feud. That was the scary part about these times you could virtually just say someone was a witch and they would be arrested and executed. These punishment were only extreme because of the religion at the time and the hastara around the witch trial. The Salem Witch trials were one of Americas darkest times in our history. There have been many theories and conspiracies around these events. One conspiracy is that the first victim of witchCraft was actual suffering from epilepsy and or boredom to ergot poisoning(due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea fungus that infects rye), that is one of researches most suspected theories to the beginning of these event. Others say that many of the so called victims could have just fakes there symptoms for any number of reasons like a feud between families to almost anything. The second most common one is that a number of victims could have been suffering from a number of mental ailments. These was called mass conversion disorder it was a psychological disorder that was said to make a return 300 years after the trails. This could occur when people minds are in such mental anguish for any number of reasons that there mental ailments become physical. Hense cause t he shaking and foaming at the mouth and sickness. The results of the trails were quite surprising, Judge Samuel Sewall publicly confessed error and guilt. In 1702 the court declared the trails unlawful, and in 1711 the colony passed a bill restoring the rights and good names of those accused and granted 600 to their heirs. It was not until 1957 more than 250 years later that the Massachusetts apologized for the events of 1692. Which I think is quiet observed and seems a bit shameful that it took hundreds of year for them to apologize. The Salem Witch trials were a dark day in American history. These trials can be an example of exactly how powerful religion can be and was back in the 1600rs. In my opinion religion was the main cause for the mass hysteria, the people of Salem didnt did have the medilogical knowledge to explain it so society blamed it on religion. It could easily be backed up because the area at the time including Salema and surrounding towns had strong Puritans connections and beliefs. They could just blame someone and say they were a witch and didnt believe in Puritans beliefs and the court which was Puritans had no guilt handing out death sentences, plus the people usually accused were considered town charity cases and beggars and noises to the town much like Sarah Good. In conclusion I think there was no need for these trails and loss for human life and the 200 plus people accused of witchcraft should have lived.