DBR LAB Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

DBR - Lab Report Example e such that sections of the pavement are not subjected to excessive deformation that would otherwise result in settlement of the section or localized deformation. One of the empirical methods used in the design of pavements is the California bearing ratio test abbreviated as CBR test. CBR value is determined by carrying out a CBR test on the subgrade soil. The CBR value depicts an index that shows the soil bearing capacity and the soil strength. Using the CBR value, sub – base and base material of a pavement to be constructed can be easily designed (Knapton). Using the CBR value, evaluations of the strengths of the soils can be established by using CBR value as an indicator. The CBR value typically represents a percentage of the soil with a standard crushed soil from California. Ultimately, the CBR value is mainly used in the quantification of the response of the subgrade and pavement to loading (Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur). There are various factors that affect the CBR test. These include the soil density, the soil texture and the soil moisture. Thus, the testing procedure to be used for a specific CBR test is completely dependent on the material type being tested. A drawback to the CBR test is that it gives the total thickness of material to be applied above the subgrade. The thickness is constant for a particular pavement irrespective of the materials that are used in the construction of the layers (Yoder and Witczak). In the California bearing Ration test, the objectives are the determination of the CBR value of the soil that is being considered to be used as a foundation of a pavements. This is mainly done to facilitate the evaluation of the subgrade soil strength (Purushothama). It should be noted that CBR does not provide information about the soil properties such as cohesion shearing resistance etc. 4.5 Kg of the sample to be tested was collected from the field. A soil sample was then taken from this sample a compacted in a CBR mould in 3

BUSINESS - It's Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment Essay

BUSINESS - It's Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment - Essay Example Since men were able to express their ideas, religion had been the cause of fighting for example, the Crusades. Unfortunately people had used religion as a justification for fighting. Therefore the men who interpret the religion states, that killing innocent lives and looting is all justified and legal, as long as they are doing it for their religion, but in all other cases its a crime against humanity. Religious beliefs and principles do not justify war, just because one-person states that God had told them to fight and fight they shall is conspicuously unintelligent. Warfare destroys lives, using religion, as an excuse to murder countless victims is a mind-boggling question because violence should not be administered because of a religious conflict. War does not solve anything, only the cause of destruction. The Crusades is a shining example of a conflict that flourished from a difference in religions. The Europeans had called their Christian army more civilized then to the so-called infidels they are fighting. An army of being more civilized then the enemy can also be state as propaganda. No religion has a right to declare war on each other just because of "holy" land. The Pope had asked the people to fight in an unknown territory to regain the holy lands, in which if one does so, his sins will be forgiven. People left their wives, children, parents, family, and friends to fight in this "Holy War" just because the Pope had declared that fighting is forgivable and will enter heaven after death. People die in wars, there is no way that can be undone, or in another term, just. Sure the Crusades had brought Europe out of the Dark Ages but at what cost, the lives perished by the sword can never be healed. Due to lies, soldiers march proudly onto the battlefield awaiting a glorious victory i n the name of their holy God, having no doubts on where they goes in the afterlife.