Nitrogen in Tires

There are multiple reasons why nitrogen is preferable to air in automobile tires: Better pressure retention leading to increased fuel economy and improved tire lifespanCooler running temperatures accompanied by less pressure fluctuation with temperature changeLess tendency toward wheel rot Its helpful to review the composition of air. Air is mostly nitrogen (78%), with 21% oxygen, and smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. The oxygen and water vapor are the molecules that matter. Although you might think oxygen would be a larger molecule than nitrogen because it has a higher mass on the periodic table, elements further along an element period actually have a small atomic radius because of the nature of the electron shell. An oxygen molecule, O2, is smaller than a nitrogen molecule, N2, making it easier for oxygen to migrate through the wall of tires. Tires filled with air deflate more quickly than those filled with pure nitrogen. A 2007 Consumer Reports study compared air-inflated tires and nitrogen-inflated tires to see which lost pressure more quickly and whether the difference was significant. The study compared 31 different automobile models with tires inflated to 30 psi. They followed the tire pressure for a year and found air-filled tires lost an average of 3.5 psi, while nitrogen-filled tires lost an average of 2.2 psi. In other words, air-filled tires leak 1.59 times more quickly than nitrogen-filled tires. The leakage rate varied widely between different brands of tires, so if a manufacturer recommends filling a tire with nitrogen, its best to heed the advice. For example, the BF Goodrich tire in the test lost 7 psi. Tire age also mattered. Presumably, older tires accumulate tiny fractures which make them more leaky with time and wear. Water is another molecule of interest. If you only ever fill up your tires with dry air, the effects of water arent a problem, but not all compressors remove water vapor. Water in tires should not lead to tire rot in modern tires because they are coated with aluminum so they will form aluminum oxide when exposed to water. The oxide layer protects the aluminum from further attack in much the same way chrome protects steel. However, if you are using tires that do not have the coating, water can attack the tire polymer and degrade it. The more common problem is that water vapor leads to pressure fluctuations with temperature. If there is water in your compressed air, it enters the tires. As the tires heat up, the water vaporizes and expands, increasing tire pressure much more significantly than what you see from the expansion of nitrogen and oxygen. As the tire cools, pressure drops appreciably. The changes reduce tire life expectancy and affect fuel economy. Again, the magnitude of the effect likely is influenced by the brand of tire, age of the tire, and how much water you have in your air. The Bottom Line The important thing is to make sure your tires are kept inflated at the proper pressure. This is much more important than whether the tires are inflated with nitrogen or with air. However, if your tires are expensive or you drive under extreme conditions (i.e., at high speeds or with extreme temperature changes over the course of a trip), its worth it to use nitrogen. If you have low pressure but normally fill with nitrogen, its better to add compressed air than wait until you can get nitrogen, but you may see a difference in the behavior of your tire pressure. If there is water in with the air, any problems will likely be lasting, since theres nowhere for the water to go. Air is fine for most tires and preferable for a vehicle youll take to remote locations since compressed air is much more readily available than nitrogen.

Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 964 Words

In the novel Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass written by Frederick Douglass, Mr. Douglass delivers valuable lessons by relaying his own life story. Douglass helps readers realize how powerful the mind can be. First, Douglass is able to show how the mind of person can still be psychological strong enough to survive and excel in the poverty and circumstances he was introduced to in his early life. Also, Douglass is able to identify the power of slavery to be in direct connection to the slave-owners’ ability to entrap the mind. A significant lesson that Douglass also brought to readers’ attention is the ability of the mind to make a person believe, even at times of haunting sin, that their actions are righteous. Frederick Douglass’ novel is a great motivational resources that help remind society that the mind is a powerful tool. At times when life seems to be at its lowest, the mind is able to trick the spirit into believing there is still good on the hor izon. This trick is sometimes considered to equivalent be the powerful message of hope. Frederick Douglass displays this trait on countless scenarios throughout the novel, which allows himself to persevere through the hardest conditions. For instance, Douglass’ text reads, â€Å"I date the entertainment of a deep conviction that slavery would not always be able to hold me within its foul embrace; and in the darkest hours of my career in slavery, this living word of faith and spirit of hope departed not from me, butShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives was lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederic k Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciation for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreThe Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1527 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered â€Å"property† of their slaveholders and had no control over their own life. They were victims of psychological and physical brutal treatment. This story represents confinement, slavery and the lack of power African people had in such a racist society back in those days. African talents were absolutely wasted and they were considered inferior to white individuals. The â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† sim ply addresses that white society was causing negative effects to itself andRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreNarrative Of Life Of Frederick Douglass1271 Words   |  6 Pagesof many famous quotes by Frederick Douglass that illustrates that no dream or hope can be achieved without any action. In his autobiography Narrative of Life of Frederick Douglass, he outlines his life as a slave and his journey towards freedom through his de sire for education. In Narrative of Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, the story expresses repression that slaves experienced through Douglass’s related experiences as a slave. The obstacles that Douglass conquers to achieve his education

Albrecht Durer Quotes Essay Example For Students

Albrecht Durer Quotes Essay As I grew older, I realized that it was much better to insist on the genuine forms of nature, for simplicity is the greatest adornment of art.Why has God given me such magnificent talent? It is a curse as well as a great blessing.Why has God given me such magnificent talent? It is a curse as well as a great blessing.If a man devotes himself to art, much evil is avoided that happens otherwise if one is idle.Help us to recognize your voice, help us not to be allured by the madness of the world, so that we may never fall away from you, O Lord Jesus Christ.No single man can be taken as a model for a perfect figure, for no man lives on earth who is endowed with the whole of beauty.I hold that the perfection of form and beauty is contained in the sum of all men.The artist is chosen by God to fulfill his commands and must never be overwhelmed by public opinion.And since geometry is the right foundation of all painting, I have decided to teach its rudiments and principles to all youngsters e ager for art.What beauty is, I know not, though it adheres to many things.Sane judgment abhors nothing so much as a picture perpetrated with no technical knowledge, although with plenty of care and diligence.My father suffered much and toiled painfully all his life, for he had no resources other than the proceeds of his trade from which to support himself and his wife and family.

Lord Of The Flies Ralph Creating A Society Based On Survival Essays

Lord of the Flies: Ralph Creating a Society Based on Survival Throughout the novel Lord of the flies, Ralph tries his best to create a society based on survival. As time progresses, it is clear that Jack's feelings are towards living life and having fun. Jack's society eventually leads to corruption, killing innocent people, while Ralph's prevails as the boys are rescued. Ralph uses a repetition of hope towards being saved while Jack's technique with no thought clearly flounders creating savages out of the once civilized boys. Ralph's original society is split because of lack of interest with some of the individuals. They begin to loose faith in themselves, and thus seek fun and fortune. In the end the group seeking a long-term reward beats out the group looking for short- term rewards, as Ralph's group prevails, causing Jack's to lose stimulating death among the other boys. "When Ralph spoke again his voice was low, and seemed breathless. `What have I done? I liked him-and I wanted us to be rescued' Again the stars spilled about the sky. Eric shook his head, earnestly. `Listen Ralph. Never mind what's sense. That's gone-' `Never mind about the Chief-' `-you got to go for your own good.' `The Chief and Roger-' `-yes, Roger-' `They hate you, Ralph. They're going to do you.' `They're going to hunt you to-morrow.'"(1) Here, the reader is basically told on what the two groups have to offer. Ralph's group is based on being rescued, while Jack's group is pro-hunting and other games in the wilderness. From the start, Ralph tries to keep the fire as the key-stone in the group. He knows that fire and smoke is used best to signal ships at a distance. This is what infact saves the stranded boys. In his group, Ralph makes shelters and calls assemblies. By using this method of bringing civilization to the island, the boys can thus remember what modern day society was like, and from then on can keep faith in themselves towards being rescued. Never once throughout the novel Lord of the flies, does Ralph become influenced or influence others towards savagery. Although Ralph may seem like the ideal leader, he lacks in many characteristics; the main one being intelligence. Throughout the novel Ralph has to depend on Piggy for ideas. "`He's like Piggy. He says things like Piggy. He isn't a proper chief.'"(2) At this point, the others began to feel the effect that Ralph has brought on to them from listening to Piggy's ideas. Ralph continues to use ideas from Piggy throughout the story, but they are ignored more and more. The ideas that once formed democracy throughout the novel, have now turned to dust. Even though they are much stronger, having more thought put into them, the others rebuke what is said after realizing that it has come from Piggy, the most detested boy on the island. The above quote is stated by Jack, the future chief, as he is one of the stronger ones in the group. By having said this, Jack now realizes the weakness of his old leader, Ralph, and can elaborate on what is being done. Jack's statement somehow stays inside the minds of the boys, and from this, Ralph looses most of his power. Jack on the other hand is at a point to only gain members into his newly formed group. By being the only big kid on the island that does not listen to Piggy, his power grows. The others joining the group do not realize what they are getting into because there is no other big person to oppose Jack in the group. This gives them the illusion that Jack is never wrong and can handle the role on being a "sole-leader". Quickly the others realize that Jacks group only hunts and has fun. This attracts almost all the others that have not yet joined the hunting tribe, leaving only a few to manage survival on Ralph's side. As more boys enter the tribe, Jack's power seems to increase. Whatever belief enters his mind, the others will follow and obey with no question. Eventually this goes too far, as Simon is killed being mistaken for a beast. Although already one death has occurred, the others do not seem to realize what has happened, and continue to give their new chief power. Jack's tribe then kills Piggy, and goes on a rampage, as Jack "brainwashes" the others into believing that Ralph's customs were